Intergenerational trauma is a concept that describes how the effects of trauma can be passed down from one generation to the next. This means that children and grandchildren can experience psychological issues related to trauma that their parents or grandparents faced, even if they themselves did not live through those events.
Understanding the cycle of intergenerational trauma
Intergenerational trauma can originate from traumatic events including, but not limited to: war, genocide, colonization, racism, poverty, and personal experiences of abuse.
When people experience such trauma, it can disrupt their mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and other severe emotional difficulties. Parents who have not resolved their trauma may unintentionally pass on their struggles to their children, affecting how they cope with stress, interact and form relationships with others. These patterns can become deeply ingrained, affecting mental health for several generations if left unresolved.
How is trauma passed down generations?
There are several ways trauma can be passed down generations. These include:
Attachment styles: Trauma can influence how caregivers bond and interact with their children. For example, a person who was raised with an emotionally distant parent may struggle to be emotionally present with their own child and in other relationships across their life.
Core beliefs about the world and the self: Trauma can create unhelpful core beliefs about the world and the self. For example, a parent from a war-ridden country who views the world as dangerous and untrustworthy, may pass these beliefs onto their child who may later in life struggle to feel safe and comfortable in the world and have difficulty trusting others.
Biology: Trauma can change our DNA, and this altered genetic information can then be passed on to future generations, which increases their sensitivity to stress and other mental health difficulties.
Who is at high risk of being impacted by intergenerational trauma?
Intergenerational trauma can impact anyone with a parent/guardian who has unresolved trauma, but it is most commonly seen in:
- Refugee populations
- Immigrants and first generation immigrant children
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people
- Survivors of systemic racism and their children
How is the intergenerational trauma cycle broken?
Healing from intergenerational trauma can involve:
Seeking mental health support: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and family therapy are effective approaches to address intergenerational trauma.
Psycho-education: Learning about the impact of trauma across generations and recognising unhelpful patterns can be empowering and aid in recovery.
Connecting with community groups: Connecting with cultural community groups can be a validating experience and provide a sense of belonging and strength, which can also aid in recovery.
Summary
Intergenerational trauma refers to the passing down of trauma from one generation to the next. Healing from intergenerational trauma requires mental health support, along with support from local communities. If you or someone you know is struggling, consider booking an appointment with a psychologist and taking the first step in breaking the cycle of intergenerational trauma.
Written By:
Harbir Kaur
Provisional Psychologist
References:
https://healingfoundation.org.au/intergenerational-trauma/
https://www.verywellhealth.com/intergenerational-trauma-5191638#toc-what-is-intergenerational-trauma
https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-intergenerational-trauma
